Turkeys make a tough target. They are difficult to see and even harder to harvest. The head and neck are the only vital areas that ensure a fast, clean hunt, but this will only happen if your shotgun throws a tight, dense shot pattern.
The best shotgun choice for turkeys is a 12-gauge magnum, though the 10 gauge is gaining some ground among turkey hunters. The best shot sizes are No. 2, 4, 5, or 6. The best shotgun chokes are Full, Extra Full, and Super Full.
Patterning your shotgun for turkey hunting is simply a matter of shooting your shotgun with various shot sizes at different ranges to determine the most effective combination.
To pattern your shotgun, you will need two loads of each shot size and six targets that show the full-size head and neck of a gobbler. Start by taking one shot at each target at 15, 25, and 40 yards.’
With each load and choke combination, count the number of pellets in the vital area of the gobbler’s head. Opinions vary on the number of pellets you will need in a vital area to put a turkey down, but you will need at least six to harvest a turkey. Some experienced hunters, however, claim that a turkey hunter will need up to 30 pellets in a vital area to harvest a gobbler quickly and cleanly.
After you have tried all the different loads at 15, 25, and 40 yards, analyze your targets and count the pellets in the vital area. Determine which load gives you the densest pattern in the gobbler’s head and neck. That’s the load to use.
Remember that 40 yards is about the maximum shotgun range on gobblers, regardless of your choke and load combination. Any turkey farther than 40 yards is not in pursuing range and you should not take the shot.
Check out this Turkey Chokes Tip From NWTF
Wild turkeys are tough animals to harvest and a tight-patterning shot to the head and neck area is required to seal the deal.
Turkey Hunting Safety Reminders
There was a time when duck hunting was considered the most dangerous form of hunting. That’s no longer true. Turkey hunting now accounts for most accidents. There are some good rules for turkey hunters to keep in mind:
Never wear red, white, black, or light-blue clothing that could be visible to other hunters. These are the colors of a spring gobbler. Wear full camouflage, but avoid white socks or T-shirts, which might look like the white part of a gobbler.
Use your turkey call in terrain where you can see at least 50 yards in every direction.
Keep your back against a tree trunk, stump, or boulder that is higher than your head.
If you see another turkey hunter approaching, stay still and whistle or shout loudly.
Never sneak in on a turkey that is gobbling, and avoid using a call when hunters are nearby.
If you use a decoy, position it so that you are not in any possible line of fire with it. Position the decoy so it can be seen from the sides, not from in front of or behind you. Use only hen decoys, never a fake gobbler.
About the Author: Vin T. Sparano is the author of Complete Outdoors Encyclopedia as well as three other guides for Rizzoli.
He has been an outdoor editor and writer for more than fifty years. He is editor emeritus of Outdoor Life, and has written and edited more than fifteen books about the outdoors. In 2013, he was inducted into the Freshwater Fishing Hall of Fame.
Special thanks to StepOutside.org for providing this insightful content.
Hunt Smarter: Top-Rated Mobile Apps for Hunters in 2025
In today's world of high-tech hunting, a mobile phone can be just as essential as a good pair of boots. Whether you're glassing for elk in the Rockies or planning stand placement for the whitetail rut, the right app can help you scout smarter, track game more effectively, and stay safe and legal in the field. Below is a breakdown of some of the best mobile apps for hunters. Need to get sighted in before a hunt? Finding a nearby range is easier than ever thanks to tools like the NSSF's Where to Shoot app and online range finder-helping you turn any location into an opportunity to train smarter."
At the core of your app arsenal should be a good weather app with more advanced features than your cell phone's default weather app. Most of the popular weather apps are not only free but also offer very similar features.
AccuWeather offers very localized forecasts with features like MinuteCast, which gives precipitation updates minute by minute. AccuWeather also features extended forecasts, radar, weather alerts and more.
The Weather Channel app is like AccuWeather but with a few more content features, courtesy of its established media presence.
Weather Underground is a solid choice for accessing reliable, general weather data. It includes useful details like sunrise and sunset times-essential for tracking legal shooting hours. One standout feature is its extensive historical weather database, which proves especially valuable when planning hunts in unfamiliar, out-of-state locations. By reviewing past conditions, you can get a clearer picture of typical wind patterns and temperature ranges, helping you prepare more effectively.
The Windy app offers a detailed wind visualization map that allows hunters to check real-time wind direction and speed across complex terrain. Hunters appreciate its wind compass, gust tracking and comparison across multiple forecast models, enabling smarter decisions about stand placement and movement. Windy offers clarity on how wind flows through ridgelines, valleys and topographical features that can make or break a hunt, making it especially valuable when hunting in hilly or forested areas.
onX Hunt is a hunting app that combines detailed GPS mapping with land ownership overlays, allowing users to easily distinguish between public and private property. Users can toggle between high-resolution topographical, satellite and hybrid maps, use 3D views for terrain visualization and download offline maps so navigation works even without cell service. The app's customizable waypoints, tracks and map Layers-for GMUs, weather, wind, soil, wildfire history and trail cameras-give hunters powerful tools for planning, sign marking and in-field coordination. One of the coolest new features from onX is the leafless imagery feature, which provides a view of the terrain after the leaves have fallen off.
Huntstand is a great hunting app focused on the Eastern United States. One of the most unique features of the Huntstand app is the Stand Reservation and Group Sharing feature. It allows members of a hunt club or a group lease to communicate right within the app. Another unique feature is the ability to integrate with the Command Pro trail camera app (Muddy and Stealth Cam Cameras). This allows you to organize your trail camera photos visually and within one central hunting "hub" of information.
An old standby, Google Earth is still a very powerful scouting tool for hunters of both public and private lands. Users can create and save projects, utilize ground-level view (when applicable) and view properties in tremendous detail in both 2D and 3D.
Pro Tip: Different mapping applications get their imagery from different sources and at different times. It's a great idea to have multiple apps for comparing different satellite imagery offerings.
Another hunt mapping option is the Basemap app. Like many of the other options, Basemap offers mapping with the ability to view a property with different layers. One of the unique features is their LRF (Laser Rangefinder Mapping) feature. This is especially useful for game recovery. Simply range the location you want to get to, orient your phone in that direction and enter the range in Basemap. Using GPS, the app will then set a waypoint at that location.
Spartan Forge is a newer hunting mapping app that has some features unique to its platform. One of the more popular features is the LIDAR mapping overlay, which allows users to see through the canopy of trees to get a better understanding of the terrain below. It also features a deer movement prediction algorithm, in-app live pin sharing and other features typically found on hunting-focused mapping apps.
The Tactacam app works with all Tactacam Reveal cell cameras. It allows you to visualize your camera locations on a map via GPS and organize your photos based on location. You can also request on-demand HD photos from within the app for real-time data. The Hunt Sync feature allows you to pause real-time photo delivery during hunts and receive the photos afterward.
The Command Pro app works with Muddy and Stealth Cam trail cameras. This feature-rich trail camera app offers unique features, including camera sharing, which lets you grant other app users access to your cameras. The integrated AI Photo tagging automatically tags animals, humans and vehicles. Recently, Command Pro was updated to include analytics, which help the user pattern wildlife and keep track of data such as the number of photos taken with a specific wind direction.
Cuddeback trail cameras have been around for quite some time. Their unique "CuddeLink" systems allow you to use up to 24 cameras on just one cell plan. The cameras act as repeaters, sending photos from one camera to the next until they get to the "home" camera, which then uploads the images to the Cuddeback app. This unique system is excellent for properties with cell service "dead zones" because, as long as one camera has service, and the other cameras can "talk to" each other, the system will function.
The Deercast app's detailed weather-driven deer movement algorithm helps you predict deer activity up to two weeks in advance. Built-in tools like rain history and path tracking help you visualize your hunt in the palm of your hand. One of the most popular features is the DeerCast track tool, which offers expert guidance tailored to your shot placement, helping you to make the right decisions about how long to wait prior to recovery.
The HuntWise app is a popular, data-driven hunt forecasting app. Inside, you'll find HuntCast, which forecasts hourly, species-specific movement windows. The RutCast feature helps you make better hunting decisions during different phases of the rut. Lastly, WindCast helps you choose the best stand locations based on wind direction and scent control.
The GOHUNT app is a powerful tool for out-of-state hunters looking for amazing insights. Visualize unit-specific draw odds in states across the country, share entire folders of waypoints and drawings with friends and view hunting locations in full 3D on your mobile device. If you're looking to hunt out of state or plan your hunt more effectively, the GOHUNT app can be a great place to start.
MyOutdoorTV features many of the most popular shows you'll find on outdoor TV shows, such as the Outdoor Channel and the Sportsman Channel. They also feature live TV channels and semi-live "JustShot" and "JustCaught" content, allowing users to view timely, in-season content.
CarbonTV provides free access to high-quality hunting, fishing, survival and rural lifestyle videos and series. With an account, users can favorite shows to make it easier to always find the newest content. Along with videos, you can find podcasts and short films on the app as well.
Don't see one of your favorite hunting apps on this list? Send us a message and explain why it should be on our list!
How to Hunt Turkeys: Everything Beginners Need to Know
Whether you're drawn to the crisp stillness of spring mornings or the golden hues of a fall forest, hunting wild turkey offers an exciting, accessible way to connect with nature and learn valuable skills.
In this guide, you'll learn the basics of how to hunt turkey, what gear you need, where to go and how to stay safe. We'll also walk through species identification, calling techniques, regulations, recipes and ways to get involved with conservation-minded organizations like the National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF).
Whether you're starting from scratch or just looking for a refresher, this page will help you head into the field with confidence.
Meet America's Wild Turkeys: Know Your Subspecies
The U.S. is home to five wild turkey subspecies. Most hunters will encounter one of these four:
Eastern Wild Turkey
Location: Most of the eastern U.S.
Merriam's Turkey
Location: Mountainous West and parts of the Great Plains
Osceola Turkey
Location: Found only in Florida
Rio Grande Turkey
Location: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, parts of the Southwest
Each subspecies has its own habits and habitats, understanding this, what subspecies you are hunting should factor into how you hunt them.
Turkey Hunting Regulations: What You Need to Know
Before you hunt, it's critical to understand the rules. Turkey hunting regulations vary by state, including:
In this video, Travis Sumner with the National Wild Turkey Federation discusses the importance of selecting the right gauge, shotgun, choke, and ammunition for making a clean, ethical shot on a wild turkey. It also emphasizes the need to ensure that the shotgun fits the shooter and to practice shooting at the range to ensure a consistent shot placement.
12 or 20 gauge is the most common.
Chokes
Wild turkeys are tough animals to harvest so a tight-patterning shot is imperative.
In this video, Travis Sumner with the National Wild Turkey Federation explains the basics of choke types used for turkey hunting.
Ammo
Turkey loads in 3" or 3.5" shells with #4-#6 shot.
Turkey Calls
Box calls, slate calls, diaphragm (mouth) calls-learn to use more than one.
Camouflage
Turkeys have exceptional vision. Ensure you are covered Head to toe, including gloves and face mask.
Decoys
Properly set decoys can give you that little extra; decoys can give a gobbler a reason to come in when calling isn't enough.
In this video, Travis Sumner with the National Wild Turkey Federation breaks down the types of decoys, strategy, set-up and safety.
Extras
Turkey Vest: Keeps your calls, shells and tags organized.
Binoculars, headlamp, field knife, blaze orange (required in some states)
Founded in 1973, the National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to restoring wild turkey populations and preserving North America's turkey hunting heritage.
Join the NWTF
Join the NWTF today and receive Turkey Call magazine, gear discounts, seed subsidies and access to mentored events near you.
There's no better time to start turkey hunting. With a bit of scouting, some practice with your calls, and the right gear, you'll be ready to experience one of America's most exciting and accessible hunts.
1 | Take a hunter safety course
2 | Learn your local regulations
3 | Gear up and scout your area
4 | Practice calling and pattern your shotgun
5 | Find a mentor or join a local NWTF chapter
6 | Enjoy the sunrise and be patient
Turkey Hunting 101
The Official NWTF Turkey Hunting Course will teach you where to hunt, turkey hunting tips and strategies, the best shotgun for hunting turkey, and much more.
Mentorship in the Duck Blind: Living the +ONE Promise
Hunt Like a Girl and Beretta USA: Champions of the +ONE Movement.
By Daphane Cassidy, NSSF Content Manager
There are moments in life that stay with you, not because of grand spectacle, but because of stillness, presence and a kind of quiet reverence that settles deep in your bones. For me, one of those moments didn't come during the shot or the celebration, but in the still blue hour before it all began, standing in a sunken pond blind, surrounded by reeds and mist, with a shotgun in hand and half a dozen women breathing deeply beside me.
Sharing our experience of the Hunt Like A Girl +ONE Waterfowl Hunt: Sponsored by Beretta. (Videography by: Sara Liberte)
Hunt Like A Girl +ONE® Waterfowl Hunt
There's something uniquely powerful about watching someone experience their first hunt. As a long-time advocate of the shooting sports and a proud representative of NSSF's +ONE Movement, I've mentored many newcomers over the years but every hunt feels new again when you're guiding someone who's never stepped afield before. That's exactly what happened during the Hunt Like A Girl +ONE Waterfowl Hunt, held in partnership with Shoot Like a Girl, Beretta USA and NSSF, at Rocky Creek Retrievers in El Campo, Texas.
From the moment we arrived, the energy was electric, an eager blend of nervous anticipation and pure excitement. This wasn't just another event. It was a culmination of passion, mentorship and legacy-building. Four women, ranging from seasoned professionals to industry newcomers, had each invited a guest who had never duck hunted before. Some of these first-timers had never held a firearm. Some had been around hunting their whole lives, but just never had the opportunity to go. One of our newbies was here at the request of her sister, two were brought by colleagues and one was a friend chosen by our passionate +ONE contest winner. While coming from different backgrounds and comfort levels, what united them all was an openness to try something new and the courage to step outside their comfort zones.
The whole +ONE group together in the duck blind. (Photography by: Alexis Greene)
As part of NSSF's +ONE Movement, the goal was simple but transformational: bring someone new afield. The idea that if every hunter took just one person with them, we could change the trajectory of America's hunting heritage. And on this trip, we didn't just talk about it, we lived it.
The +ONE Vision in Action
The +ONE Movement is built on a simple truth: When we invite others to hunt or shoot for the first time, we pass down something deeper than skill; we pass down a way of life. It's not just a campaign, it's a cultural shift. And this hunt was a living, breathing embodiment of that vision.
(Photography by: Alexis Greene)
For me, mentoring is more than just a responsibility; it's a gift. You get to share in the adrenaline of a first shot, the quiet reverence of a morning sunrise over decoys and the genuine pride that comes from helping someone do something they never imagined themselves capable of. You see, the moment fear dissolves into confidence, when a woman who was hesitant to pick up a shotgun now smiles after folding her first bird over open water. You see self-doubt replaced with laughter and stories, shared around the fire or while walking through the field.
I had the honor of mentoring a few of the first-time hunters, guiding them through safety basics, shotgun handling and what to expect in a duck blind. Their nerves were real and completely understandable. But what never fails to inspire me is how fast that anxiety turns to exhilaration with the right encouragement and support.
The magic wasn't in instruction alone; it was in companionship. We laughed, learned, whispered advice and encouragement across the decoys. I watched one guest who was hesitant to even pick up her shotgun on day one light up when she successfully harvested a bird on day two. Another guest cried, not out of sorrow, but from the emotional weight of doing something she never thought she could do. She was joyful, overwhelmed, respectful of the life taken and empowered all at once. And honestly? So were we.
As mentors, we got to witness the +ONE movement from both sides: as seasoned hunters and as students once more, reminded of the awe and responsibility that comes with every shot.
The Morning Grounding: Becoming Present in the Blind
Each day began with what I can only describe as a grounding ritual, from the guidance of Karen Butler, Shoot Like a Girl founder, I was encouraged to create this moment for our hunters and step strongly into my role as a "Hunt Like a Girl" Mentor. Before any shots were fired, before any birds came into sight, we paused. We sat in that sunken blind, dew still clinging to the grass around us, fog curling low over the water and the horizon just starting to burn with the blush of sunrise.
Mornings from the duck blind. (Photography by: Alexis Greene)
We took a breath together.
We felt the wind on our faces and the earth beneath our boots. We noticed the weight of our shotguns in our hands. We listened to the reeds rustling, to the wings above, to each other. And we reminded ourselves to be here. Fully present. We were not just having an experience but creating this peaceful memory in nature, which we could always return to in our minds. It wasn't just about what happened, but how deeply we felt it.
I watched women with no prior hunting experience close their eyes and take it in. Later, several people came to me and said they felt goosebumps during that moment, as if something within them had shifted. They were completely present.
As a mentor, it was powerful beyond words. We weren't just preparing for a hunt; we were stepping into a moment that could anchor us for years to come.
Processing the Harvest: Turning Experience into Ownership
For many, the idea of cleaning and processing a harvested duck is intimidating. But that, too, is where empowerment lives, in the doing. Duck hunting, especially for first-timers, offers a uniquely approachable transition into game processing. With a small knife, a clear technique and a little guidance, anyone can go from uncertainty to capability in a single afternoon.
Learning the full process from hunt to harvest. (Photography by: Alexis Greene)
I watched it happen over and over. Women who hesitated at first now worked with focused hands and growing confidence, processing their ducks with care and purpose. You could see it on their faces: I did this. Not just the shot, but the follow-through. They were now providers in the most primitive sense.
That evening, we ate what we had harvested. It wasn't just dinner, it was a culmination. A celebration. The connection from blind to table made it real in a way no words or photos could. One participant turned to me and said, "I didn't know I could feel this way, so full, so proud, so connected."
The Power of Partnership
It's important to say that this hunt wouldn't have been possible without the deep collaboration between Beretta USA, Hunt Like A Girl and NSSF. Beretta didn't just provide equipment; they brought legacy. Their 500-year tradition in firearms was woven into everything we touched, from the smooth action of their 20-gauge shotguns to the warmth and functionality of the women's tactical and hunting gear. The women didn't just use Beretta gear; we lived in it.
And Hunt Like A Girl, what a force. Their team of women brought experience, mentorship and soul to every corner of the field. Their approach to safety, empowerment and connection reshaped how many of our first-time hunters viewed themselves, not just as students, but as emerging participants in something powerful.
Bringing Women In: Changing the Invitation
For generations, women were often excluded from hunts. Fathers and brothers hunted, but the girls stayed home. That's changing and Hunt Like A Girl is at the front of that shift.
One participant told me she'd always been curious about hunting, but no one had ever invited her. Another said, "My dad hunted my whole life, but he never thought to bring me."
That's what +ONE is here to fix. We don't need to talk people into loving the outdoors. We need to invite them in.
Your Invitation
If you've ever wondered whether inviting someone afield makes a difference, let me assure you - it does, because I've seen it. I've seen it in the eyes of women who once said, "I could never do that," and now say, "When can I go again?"
So, I'll leave you with this: Take the pledge. Invite someone. Be the +ONE that changes everything.
Want to experience this hunt from a Newbie's Perspective? Check out this article:
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